This Episode explore the complex relationship between soil fertility, nutrient management, and ecosystem health. High levels of salinity and excessive fertilization are shown to degrade soil quality by reducing organic matter and disrupting beneficial microbial communities. Research highlights how nitrogen over-application can trigger ammonium toxicity, increase plant susceptibility to pests and diseases, and alter the emission of volatile organic compounds. Conversely, the studies advocate for sustainable strategies, such as using biochar, organic amendments, and crop rotation, to enhance