In Genesis 14, we witness the first recorded international conflict in Scripture—a clash of empires and city-states that sets the stage for God’s promises to Abram to shine.

Four powerful kings from the east—Amraphel of Shinar, Arioch of Ellasar, Chedorlaomer of Elam, and Tidal of Goiim—march westward, sweeping through the lands of the Rephaim, Zuzim, Emim, and Horites (Genesis 14:1–7). These are remnants of pre-Israelite peoples, warriors of the post-Flood world, representing the full spread of nations descended from Shem, Ham, and Japheth.

Against them stand five city-state kings in the Jordan Valley: Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, Zeboiim, and Bela (Zoar)—all descendants of Ham → Canaan (Genesis 10:15–19). For twelve years, these cities had paid tribute; in the thirteenth year, they rebel ...