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Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) complicate up to 16% of pregnancies and are a leading cause of maternal mortality in the United States. Understanding HDP requires focusing on four main classifications, the underlying placental pathology, and the critical medical interventions used to prevent fatal outcomes.

1. Core Classifications

• Chronic Hypertension: Blood pressure exceeding 140/90 mm Hg existing before pregnancy or diagnosed before 20 weeks of gestation. Up to 25% of these patients develop superimposed preeclampsia.
• Gestational Hypertension: New onset of blood pressure over 140/90 mm Hg after 20 weeks of gestat ...