Unit 2 focuses on the barriers and challenges that interfere with effective listening, emphasizing that even strong listeners encounter obstacles that affect understanding. This unit introduces four main types of listening barriers—physical, physiological, psychological, and semantic—and explains how environmental conditions, physical states, emotions, cognitive overload, bias, and language differences can disrupt comprehension. Students learn how internal and external distractions, multitasking, and emotional reactions limit attention and increase listening effort, while research shows that focus and attention are finite resources. The unit also highlights practical, research-based strategies—such as mindful listening, metacognitive awareness, environmental control, and empathic reframing—to help recognize and manage barriers, leading to more ef ...