The soul of a Jew descends into a body for a purpose—in order to fulfill a specific spiritual mission in this world. To enable him to fulfill it, a heavenly oath is administered to him that he “be righteous and not wicked” and concurrently that he regard himself as wicked and not righteous. A discussion, based on Talmudic sitings aims to clarify what the definition of righteous is, and how can one be held accountable for such an oath.