Happy Birthday, Devil Dogs

The United States Marine Corps originates in a congressional decision taken amid crisis and improvisation. In November 1775—months after Lexington and Concord, and with the siege of Boston grinding on—the Second Continental Congress resolved to raise two battalions of “American Marines.” Their creation was not an abstract institutional design exercise; it was a response to urgent strategic needs: securing powder and ordnance, protecting nascent Continental warships, and enabling amphibious action against British positions.

From their first major operation at New Providence in the Bahamas (March 1776) to service with the Continental Army in New Jersey, the Continental Marines defined themselves as adaptable naval infantry. Disbanded with the end of the Revolution, they were re-established by statute in 1798 as the United States Marine Corps, ...