Welcome to the final episode of the Q&A series of the 2025 ESVS Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Management of Diseases of the Mesenteric and Renal Arteries and Veins. The final episode completes the Q&A series by addressing several important and often rare vascular conditions covered in the 2025 ESVS guidelines.

Topics include acute and chronic mesenteric venous thrombosis, anticoagulation strategies and the role of DOACs, and indications for endovascular or surgical intervention. The discussion then turns to renal vascular disease, including renal artery stenosis, fibromuscular dysplasia, and Nutcracker syndrome. The episode concludes with an overview of visceral artery aneurysms and spontaneous isolated dissections of the mesenteric and renal arteries, focusing on diagnosis, risk stratification, and treatment thresholds. This  ...