Hallux Valgus: Understanding and Treatment of Bunions

Explicit

An overview of hallux valgus, commonly known as a bunion, a prevalent foot deformity affecting the big toe joint. They discuss the etiology and contributing factors, such as genetics, age, and ill-fitting footwear, particularly high heels. The sources detail the pathophysiology, explaining how the bones, ligaments, and tendons shift out of alignment, and enumerate symptoms like pain, swelling, stiffness, and the visible bony bump. Furthermore, they outline the diagnosis process, which primarily involves physical examination and radiographic evaluation, and present various treatment and management options, ranging from conservative approaches like shoe modifications, orthotics, and pain relievers, to numerous surgical procedures,  ...