Why aren’t men and women equal?

If there’s a gap between men and women, how do we know that empirically? How can we measure it? And what stands in the way of men and women being more equal?

• The most recent GII was published in the 2021 Human Development Index report, p.291 https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf
• Gender & Social Norms Index: https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/hdperspectivesgsnipdf_1.pdf