In this final trio, Justin Martyr continues his bold confrontation of Jewish misunderstandings by insisting that all nations blessed in Christ now bear the name of Israel—not by circumcision, but by faith. Augustine pours out his heart to God in prayer for his mother’s soul, reflecting on her sanctity, her baptism, and the mercy they both depend on. In the Summa, Aquinas explores whether the firmament was created on the second day, carefully distinguishing between material and spiritual realities, and affirming the harmony between Genesis and natural philosophy. Taken together, today’s readings compel us to honor the continuity between old and new, flesh and spirit, creation and Creator.

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