Why Russia Treats Intelligence as a Pillar of State, Not a Support Function

This is the first installment of a six-part series tracing the institutional and doctrinal history of Russian foreign intelligence, drawn from the Sluzhba Vneshney Razvedki's own commissioned history, Ocherki istorii rossiyskoy vneshney razvedki (Essays on the History of Russian Foreign Intelligence), edited by former SVR director and Foreign Minister Yevgeny Primakov. Each installment will pair the SVR's official narrative, read critically, against independent scholarship. This post covers Volume 1: the period from Muscovite Russia through the eve of the Bolshevik Revolution.

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