Oxygen Therapy & Delivery Systems

• Target: Maintain SpO2 >92% (or >88% in chronic COPD) or PaO2 >60 mmHg. Supplementing FiO2 >60% for >24 hours risks oxygen toxicity, causing severe pulmonary edema and inflammatory alveolar damage.
• Low-Flow Systems: Nasal Cannula (1–6 L/min, 24%-44% FiO2), Simple Mask (6–12 L/min, 35%-50% FiO2, requires >=6 L/min), Non-Rebreather (10–15 L/min, 60%-90% FiO2, keep reservoir bag inflated).
• High-Flow Systems: Venturi Mask (delivers precise, fixed FiO2 for COPD), High-Flow Nasal Cannula (up to 60 L/min, 100% FiO2, heated humidification).
• CO2 Narcosis: Some COPD patients lose sens ...