The Arab–Israeli wars of 1948, 1967, and 1973 were more than military conflicts. They created borders, memories, refugee crises, security doctrines, and diplomatic patterns that still influence the Middle East today.

In this episode, we explore how 1948 created the core conflict, how 1967 changed the map, and how 1973 changed the psychology of the region — from war and occupation to diplomacy, oil politics, and the long search for peace.