It is a flat-out scientific fact: humans emit way more carbon dioxide than volcanoes. It’s not even close. But in this season two solo finale, I don't want you to just take my word for it. Instead, I am taking you down the rabbit hole of how we actually know what we know. This isn't about magical guesses or black-box science; it’s a painstaking process of cross-referencing bubbles, isotopes, and trade data to prove a reality that completely dismantles one of the internet's most stubborn climate myths.

I discuss the volcanology and geochemistry that detail how we track magmatic gases using melt inclusions in primitive olivine crystals as microscopic time capsules. I walk through how we use Raman spectroscopy lasers to solve the "bubble problem" in melt inclusions, and how we use the geochemical buddy system, pairing volatile gases with non-v ...