The Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) paradigm serves as a theoretical alternative to the dark matter hypothesis by proposing that the laws of physics change at extremely low accelerations. This framework introduces a new universal constant, a₀, which marks the boundary where standard Newtonian mechanics fail and modified behavior begins, particularly in the outskirts of galaxies. By adjusting the gravitational or inertial equations rather than adding invisible mass, MOND successfully predicts observed phenomena like the Tully-Fisher relation and the flat rotation curves of galaxies using only visible, baryonic matter. The External Field Effect (EFE), a unique feature of the theory where a system's internal dynamics are influenced by the gravitational pull of its larger environment. While the model aligns remarkably well with the behavior of ind ...