Plato's Republic is regarded by many as the foundational text in the history of western political philosophy. Yet with its totalitarian and communistic "ideal" or "noble" city at its heart, the Republic might seem to contain little of value to the libertarian. A careful reading of the opening two books of the work, however, shows Plato wrestling with a number of issues of critical libertarian interest: the antithesis of persuasion and coercion as forms of social relation, the ruler as in the employ of the ruled, a rejection of the principle of might-makes-right, the origins of the political community in economic need and voluntary exchange, and more. This paper surveys the opening two books of Plato's Republic, highlighting its insights, and also some of its confusions, from a libertarian perspective.

George Buchanan was a late 16th-century ...