🦴 Medical–Surgical Exam Review Guide: Musculoskeletal Problems

1️⃣ Osteomyelitis (Bone Infection)

Pathophysiology: Infection of bone, bone marrow, and soft tissue (usually Staphylococcus aureus). Microbes enter via hematogenous spread (common in children, IV drug users, diabetics) or direct inoculation (open wounds, surgery, prosthetic joints). Inflammation → pus → ↑ intramedullary pressure → ↓ perfusion → ischemia → bone necrosis (sequestrum) surrounded by new bone (involucrum). Antibiotics struggle to reach the necrotic core.

High-Yield Manifestations

PriorityKey FindingsNotes🔴 HighConstant, worsening painNot relieved by rest; hallmark finding.🔴 HighFever, night sweats, restl ...