Dietary restriction (DR) and fasting protocols, including the Fasting-Mimicking Diet (FMD), extend healthspan and lifespan by activating cellular stress response pathways and autophagy, while inhibiting pro-aging growth pathways like mTOR and the insulin/IGF-1 signaling axis. Periodic FMD cycles can reduce biological age, decrease systemic inflammation, and improve metabolic markers such as blood glucose and insulin levels, all while minimizing the negative consequences of chronic malnutrition.

The Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) is widely considered the gold standard for long-term longevity and cardiovascular prevention. Rich in vegetables, legumes, whole grains, and healthy monounsaturated fats (like olive oil), it exerts potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. High adherence to the MedDiet is consistently linked to longer telomere ...