Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), such as semaglutide (Ozempic, Wegovy) and liraglutide, alongside dual GIP/GLP-1 agonists like tirzepatide (Mounjaro), represent a paradigm shift in the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. Pharmacologically, these agents are engineered for extended half-lives—achieved in semaglutide through albumin binding facilitated by a fatty di-acid moiety—allowing for once-weekly administration. They function by mimicking incretin hormones to stimulate insulin secretion, inhibit glucagon release, and delay gastric emptying, thereby improving glycemic control.

"Food Noise" and Neurobiology Beyond metabolic regulation, GLP-1 RAs profoundly impact the central nervous system, particularly reward circuits. A key emergent concept is the reduction of "food noise"—persistent, i ...