What are the symptoms of a urinary tract infection (UTI), and how should they be addressed in Europe?

Urinary tract infection symptoms explained: cystitis, urethritis, bacterial causes, diagnostic criteria, and antibiotic stewardship.

In this episode, we outline how to recognise UTI symptoms and how doctors assess treatment under EU medical guidance.

You’ll learn:

• Common UTI symptoms: burning during urination, frequency, urgency, lower abdominal pain

• How cystitis differs from kidney infection (pyelonephritis)

• When urine dipstick or culture testing is recommended

• The role of hydration and symptom relief measures

• First-line antibiotic options based on local resistance guidance

• Red flag signs such as fever, flank pain, vomiting, or pregnancy

• Situati ...