pharmacological treatments used to manage hypertension, coronary artery disease, and angina. They describe how ACE inhibitors and beta-blockers function to lower blood pressure and protect the heart, while statins and PCSK9 inhibitors are utilized to manage cholesterol levels and stabilize arterial plaques. The text also covers critical anti-clotting therapies, including anticoagulants, thrombolytics, and dual antiplatelet therapy, which are essential for preventing or treating heart attacks. In addition to explaining mechanisms of action, the sources provide vital safety information, such as the dangerous interaction between