Modern security architecture is shifting focus from perimeter defenses to a Zero Trust model. It prioritizes network segmentation, using VLANs, DMZs, and Layer 7 microsegmentation, to restrict lateral server to server traffic. Critical controls include Next Generation Firewalls for application filtering, out of band IDS for detection, inline IPS for active prevention, and proxies to shield clients or servers. Cloud designs leverage SASE and SSE to deliver security at the edge, operating under a shared responsibility model. Securing virtual environments requires mitigating VM escape and container breakout vulnerabilities. Finally, enterprise resilience ...