What if the motor cortex does not just encode movements but organizes entire behavioral repertoires, reaching, grasping, defending, across three interconnected cortical stages? Neuroanatomist Jon Kaas describes how long-duration electrical stimulation reveals a modular architecture for goal-directed action in primates that challenges standard views of motor control. Subscribe for more from the Convergent Science Network podcast series. Jon Kaas joins Paul Verschure and Tony Prescott at the BCBT summer school to present his research on the functional organization of the primate motor system, spanning prosimian galagos, New World monkeys, and macaques. Using half-second electrical stimulation pulses, Kaas and colleagues discovered that specific behavioral patterns , hand-to-mouth movements, defensive gestures, reaching, grasping , can be evoked fro ...