In this 5th series introduction, we talk about some of the more abstract foundations of state formation, specifically two types of "order", the state, and culture. Both present stated or unstated limitations that promote cooperation between groups of people, but in different ways. Only the state can be changed directly. The 9th and 10th centuries for Inner Europe will be a time of waxing and waning "states", each struggling to find an identity that legitimizes it across the wider region, and this series will focus on some examples.

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Sources

Intro: Zachary Wheeler and Nathaniel Scarborough,  ...