Today’s readings expose false gods, examine memory, and warn against careless harm to the soul of another. Tertullian continues Against Marcion by arguing that Marcion cannot make his two gods either equal or unequal, because true deity admits no rival, no diminishment, and no novelty; a “new god” is, for Tertullian, already exposed as a false one. Augustine then distinguishes memory of sensible images from the deeper knowledge retained in the mind, showing that learning, reasoning, and the liberal sciences are held not merely as pictures, but as things understood. Aquinas closes by treating scandal as a sin against charity, since love does not place needless stumbling blocks before the spiritually weak, even while truth must never be abandoned merely because the proud take offense. Together, these readings call us to confess the one ete ...