For thousands of years, the Arctic has quietly stored an enormous reserve of carbon beneath its frozen ground. But as the region warms, that long-locked vault is beginning to open.

In this episode of The Climate Translation, Dr. Mac explores the science of permafrost, which is permanently frozen soil that contains nearly twice as much carbon as currently exists in the atmosphere. He explains how this carbon accumulated over thousands of years, what happens chemically when frozen soils thaw, and why the gases released can include both carbon dioxide and methane.

We examine how thawing ground is already reshaping Arctic landscapes and infrastructure, while also introducing one of climate science’s most important concepts: feedback loops. Permafrost thaw doesn’t trigger sudden collapse, but it c ...