Core Concept: Expiratory Airflow Resistance

Obstructive lung diseases—bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis (CF), asthma, and COPD—share increased expiratory airflow resistance from airway obstruction or narrowing. Drug therapy plays a key role in their clinical management.

1. Bronchiectasis: Mucus Stasis

• Pathophysiology & Presentation: Inflammation destroys elastic and muscular wall structures, causing permanent dilation and impaired mucus clearance. It presents as a persistent cough with thick, purulent sputum. Massive hemoptysis is a life-threatening complication.
• Care: CT scan is the gold standard. Care involves antibiotics (minimum 14 days), bronchodilators, and  ...