This episode likely explores is the Libet effect: in the 1980s, neuroscientist Benjamin Libet had subjects flex their wrist whenever they felt the urge, while EEG tracked their brain activity. He found that a "readiness potential"; a buildup of neural activity in the motor cortex — fired roughly half a second before people consciously felt they'd decided to move. In other words, the brain appears to begin preparing a choice before we're aware of making it, which seems to demote conscious will from the cause of our actions to a kind of after-the-fact witness. This kicked off a decades-long free-will debate: some argue it proves free will is an illusion (we're just narrating what the brain already chose), while others counter that we may still have a "veto power" — the ability to consciously cancel a prepared action before it happens (Libe ...