Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) in cells is known as a complex physicochemical process causing the formation of membrane-less organelles (MLOs). Cells have well-defined different membrane-surrounded organelles like mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, peroxisomes, etc., however, on demand they can create MLOs as stress granules, nucleoli and P bodies to cover vital functions and regulatory activities. However, the mechanism of intracellular molecule assembly into functional compartments within a living cell remains till now not fully understood. in vitro and in vivo investigations unveiled that MLOs emerge after preceding liquid-liquid, liquid gel, liquid-semi-crystalline, or liquid-crystalline phase separations. Liquid-liquid and liquid-gel MLOs form the majority of cellular phase separation events, while the oc ...