1. Introduction\nIn the context of ISO/PAS 8800 (Road vehicles — Safety and artificial intelligence), Verification and Validation (V&V) are the cornerstones of ensuring that AI-based systems are safe for public roads. While traditional software follows deterministic paths, AI models are probabilistic and data-dependent, requiring a shift in how we confirm their correctness and safety.

2. Defining Model Verification\nVerification asks: \"Did we build the system right?" It involves checking the AI model against the technical requirements and design specifications defined in the early stages of development. Under ISO/PAS 8800, verification includes:

Formal Methods: Using mathematical proofs to verify that certain safety properties are always maintained by the model.

Robustness Testing: ...