In this episode of Breaking News to Trading Moves, we debate one of the most uncomfortable questions in modern markets: is long-term passive investing still the safest route for ordinary people, or has buy and hold become overrated in an era of expensive valuations, mega-cap concentration and retirement risk?

The discussion starts with a blunt idea: if the Shiller PE ratio is above 40, investors are paying a very high price for every dollar of long-term earnings. That does not mean the market must crash tomorrow, but it raises a serious question for anyone putting money into index funds every month without thinking about valuation, timing or withdrawals.

The case for passive investing

One side argues that ordinary investors need passive investing because human behaviour is the biggest threat to wealth creation. Los ...