Models of Disability and Research Supporting Damian Milton's Double Empathy Problem

Vince and Vanessa concisely review 9 different models of disability and a chapter in "Conversations on Empathy",authored by Damian Milton, Krysia Emily Waldock, and Nathan Keates, and titled: Autism and the ‘double empathy problem’.

Odd Pride (Astrid)

https://oddpride.com/

Shanidar 1

https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/06/17/878896381/ancient-bones-offer-clues-to-how-long-ago-humans-cared-for-the-vulnerable

Disability Models

Lawson, A., & Beckett, A. E. (2021). The social and human rights models of disability: towards a complementarity thesis. The International Journal of Human Rights, 25(2), 348–379. https://doi.org/10.1080/13642987.2020.1783533

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13642987.2020.1783533#d1e177

Berghs M, Atkin K, Graham H, et al. Implications for public health research of models and theories of disability: a scoping study and evidence synthesis. Southampton (UK): NIHR Journals Library; 2016 Jul. (Public Health Research, No. 4.8.) doi: 10.3310/phr04080

Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK378941/

10 Principles of Disability Justice

https://sinsinvalid.org/10-principles-of-disability-justice/

Damian Milton

The Participatory Autism Research Collective

https://participatoryautismresearch.wordpress.com/2025/12/18/parc-critical-autism-studies-conference-2026-call-for-submissions/

The Double Empathy Problem

Milton, Damian & Waldock, Krysia & Keates, Nathan. (2023). Autism and the ‘double empathy problem’. 10.4324/9781003189978-6.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/366888965_Autism_and_the_'double_empathy_problem'

Milton, Damian. (2012). On the ontological status of autism: The 'double empathy problem'. Disability & Society - DISABIL SOC. 27. 1-5. 10.1080/09687599.2012.710008.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254245139_On_the_ontological_status_of_autism_The_'double_empathy_problem'

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