In this episode, we break down the Transformer architecture—how it works, why it replaced RNNs and LSTMs, and why it underpins modern AI systems. We explain how attention enabled models to capture global context in parallel, removing the memory and speed limits of earlier sequence models.

We cover the core components of the Transformer, including self-attention, queries, keys, and values, multi-head attention, positional encoding, and the encoder–decoder design. We also show how this architecture evolved into encoder-only models like BERT, decoder-only models like GPT, and why Transformers became a general-purpose engine across language, vision, audio, and time-series data.

This episode covers:

• Why RNNs and LSTMs hit hard limits in speed and memory

• How attention enables global context and parallel comp ...