Why did Britain and the Soviet Union invade neutral Iran in 1941? In this video, we explore the Anglo‑Soviet invasion of Iran during World War II, when British and Soviet forces launched Operation Countenance to secure Iranian oil fields and the vital Persian Corridor supply route to the Soviet Union.

You’ll see how Reza Shah’s neutral Iran became a battlefield of great‑power politics, why the Allies feared German influence, and how the occupation led to the abdication of the Shah and the rise of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.​ We then follow the story beyond 1945 into the Iran crisis of 1946, when Soviet troops stayed in the north, backed breakaway governments in Azerbaijan and Mahabad, and tried to secure a Soviet‑Iranian oil concession—only for the Iranian Majlis to quietly reject it in 1947, turning a seeming Soviet victory int ...