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The transition to extrauterine life requires rapid biological and behavioral adaptations. Respiratory and cardiovascular changes are paramount; fluid must clear from the lungs, surfactant is needed for alveolar expansion, and fetal shunts (ductus arteriosus, foramen ovale, ductus venosus) must close to establish neonatal circulation. Thermoregulation is a critical challenge because newborns cannot shiver; they rely on metabolizing brown adipose tissue to prevent rapid heat loss via evaporation, conduction, convection, and radiation. Hepatic and renal systems are immature, risking physiological jaundice, weight loss, and prolonged medication effects. Behaviorally, newborns transition through sleep-wa ...