Physical Growth and Vital Signs Preschoolers generally gain 4.5 to 6.5 lb (2 to 3 kg) and grow 2.5 to 3.5 inches (6.5 to 9 cm) per year. As they lose baby fat and gain muscle, they assume a more mature, sturdy posture. Neurologic myelination is typically complete by age 3, facilitating bowel and bladder control.

For children ages 3 to 5, normal vital signs are:

• Pulse: 70 to 120 beats per minute.

• Respirations: 20 to 25 breaths per minute.

• Temperature: Averages 37.2°C (99.0°F) at age 3, decreasing to 37.0°C (98.6°F) by age 5.

• Blood Pressure: Systolic ranges from 89–98 mm Hg and diastolic from 46–53 mm Hg, depending on sex.

• Pain Assessment: The FLACC scale is appropriate for ages 2 months to 7 years; how ...