During the Cold War in the mid-twentieth century the federal government established the Federal Civil Defense Administration – through their Marion County arm –established an emergency management plan in 1958—the “Marion County Civil Defense Operations Plan”. Prior to that they encouraged people to build fallout shelters as part of their own residences. President John F. Kennedy established a new civil defense framework in July 1961 by signing Executive Order 10952. This shifted civil defense responsibilities from the civilian Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization to the Secretary of Defense, creating the Office of Civil Defense to spearhead fallout shelter pro ...