Isoroku Yamamoto planned the attack on Pearl Harbor while privately believing it was a catastrophic mistake. He had studied at Harvard, toured American factories, and understood better than anyone in Japan's military that the United States' industrial capacity would eventually overwhelm his country. He designed Pearl Harbor not as a path to victory but as Japan's best bad option — a knockout blow that might force a negotiated peace before American production made the war unwinnable.

This episode traces Yamamoto from his samurai-class origins through his American education, the Pearl Harbor planning, the early Pacific victories, and the American codebreakers who ambushed and killed him over Bougainville.

• Yamamoto's Harvard years, his American factory tours, and his understanding of U.S. industrial power
• The opposition to w ...