This episode summarizes Peter Ucko’s 1987 book, which chronicles the controversial 1986 World Archaeological Congress and its split from the International Union for Prehistoric and Protohistoric Sciences. Ucko details how the decision to ban South African and Namibian scholars as a protest against apartheid led to a major institutional divide within the field of archaeology. The source describes the book’s chapters, which outline the financial struggles, organizational shifts, and ideological battles between Eurocentric traditions and more global, inclusive perspectives. Additionally, the text highlights various critical receptions of the work, noting that reviewers were divided on whether the book was a courageous political statement