Genesis 10:20–25 is part of what’s often called the Table of Nations. These verses list the descendants of Noah’s sons after the flood, showing how humanity spread out into distinct families, languages, and regions. Verses 20–22 wrap up the genealogy of Ham and begin with Shem, emphasizing that Shem is the ancestor of the Semitic peoples. The list highlights notable figures like Eber (from whom the word “Hebrew” is derived) and his son Peleg, whose name means “division.” The text adds the intriguing note that in Peleg’s days “the earth was divided,” pointing either to the scattering at Babel or to political/social divisions among nations.

In short: these verses emphasize both the unity of humanity (all traced back to Noah) and the beginnings of diversity, separation, and identity among the nations—a pivot point from primeval histor ...