Delirium and dementia are often confused, but they represent very different disruptions of brain function—and neither should be considered a normal part of aging. In this episode, we’ll break down the key distinctions: delirium’s sudden onset and fluctuating course versus dementia’s slow, progressive decline. We’ll also dive into Alzheimer’s disease, the most common form of dementia, exploring its hallmark features such as memory loss, aphasia, and apraxia, along with the role of plaques and tangles in disease progression. Finally, we’ll highlight critical nursing priorities, from ensuring patient safety to supporting caregivers, and review pharmacologic treatments designed to manage symptoms and slow decline.