In the decades following the Cold War, the United States stood as the predominant global power, shaping international norms and policies in a unipolar world. However, recent geopolitical developments indicate a transition towards a multipolar world order, where multiple nations, notably Russia, China, and Saudi Arabia, assert significant influence on the global stage.

Russia’s Resurgence

Under President Vladimir Putin, Russia has actively sought to reestablish itself as a central player in global affairs. This ambition is evident in its military interventions, such as the annexation of Crimea in 2014 and the ongoing involvement in Ukraine. These actions signal Russia’s intent to challenge Western dominance and reshape regional dynamics. Furthermore, Russia’s strategic partnerships, particularly wi ...