Mental Health and Illness Mental health is a positive state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, characterized by effective coping and satisfying relationships. Mental illness involves disorders affecting mood, behavior, and thinking that cause significant distress or impaired functioning. Both are dynamic states influenced by individual (biologic makeup), interpersonal (communication), and social determinants (resources, discrimination).

Diagnostic Framework (DSM-5-TR) The DSM-5-TR is the standard taxonomy used by clinicians to diagnose psychiatric illnesses. It provides a standardized nomenclature, presents defining symptoms to differentiate diagnoses, and identifies underlying causes, including psychosocial and environmental problems that affect treatment.

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