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Anatomy and Hormonal Regulation The female reproductive system consists of external structures, internal organs (ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, vagina), and hormones. Estrogen and progesterone regulate the menstrual cycle and prepare the uterus for pregnancy, while human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is produced by the placenta to sustain early pregnancy by thickening the uterine lining.

Health Maintenance and Preconception Reproductive preventative care spans primary (HPV vaccines), secondary (Pap smears for disease detection), and tertiary (managing chronic conditions) levels. Preconception care should begin three months prior to pregnancy, emphasizing daily folic acid supplementa ...