Toddlers typically gain 3 to 5 pounds and grow 3 inches in height per year. By age 2, they attain approximately half of their adult height, and the anterior fontanel closes by 18 months.

Vital Signs (Ages 1–3 Years):

• Temperature: Ranges from 37.7°C (99.9°F) at 1 year to 37.2°C (99.0°F) at 3 years.

• Pulse: 80 to 140 beats/min.

• Respirations: 25 to 30 breaths/min.

• Blood Pressure (1–2 years):

◦ Male: Systolic 85–91, Diastolic 37–46.

◦ Female: Systolic 86–89, Diastolic 40–49.

• Pain Assessment: The FLACC scale (Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability) is used for children aged 2 months to 7 years.

Developmental Stages