In Part One, we explored the early educational, philanthropic, and cultural exchanges led by Irish pioneers more than 100 years ago, including Frederick O’Neill and Dr Isabel Mitchell, and how their work helped build bridges of friendship and mutual understanding between Ireland and China.

We also looked at how this legacy inspired the McCarthys and the Ireland Sino Institute to establish their headquarters in Liaoning Province. Through sustained engagement rooted in mutual respect, these exchanges have facilitated more effective communication, built greater familiarity, deepened understanding, and fostered the trust needed for lasting Ireland–China cooperation.

We now turn to further examples of this blueprint for mutual understanding, from which other nations can dr ...