Why does American political debate feel less like a discussion and more like a fight for survival?

This deep dive traces modern affective polarization back to the nation's origin, revealing how the historic, existential feud between Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson established a zero-sum political culture. The episode examines how the Founding Fathers’ fear of factions and the initial absence of a loyal opposition created the blueprint for today’s intense tribalism, and explores a dual strategy—from institutional reforms to shared national goals—to heal the divide.