A viewer asked a great foundational question: how ionized does something have to be to be called plasma? Some sources say all electrons stripped from all atoms. Others say one is enough. What's the actual answer? Here's the simple version and the PhD version.

⏱️ Chapters

00:00 The question: how ionized to count as plasma?

00:07 Quick intro, Greg Friedman, plasma bioengineer

00:16 Reading the viewer's question in full

00:24 One source says: strip every electron from every atom

00:31 The viewer's guess: one electron, not all atoms

00:39 Do highly excited atoms count? Is the cutoff 1%? 50%?

00:53 My take on the source: I don't know them, don't need to fight

01:07 The color analogy: what makes something "white"?

01:20 The Pantone system, and why plasma physicists needed the same

01:31  ...