Over four years into Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine, Western intelligence agencies have begun issuing public warnings about the threat of a Russian escalation against NATO before the end of the decade. With Washington seeking to reduce its conventional forces on the continent and weapon delivery timelines slipping beyond 2030, these intelligence assessments have raised urgent and uncomfortable questions: what does Europe still need from the US, and what capabilities can it now do on its own? Are Europe's militaries in worse shape than they believe, or better? And what will it actually take to deter Russia?

In this episode, Paul Saunders speaks with Joshua Huminski, Senior Vice President for National Security and Intelligence at the Center for the Study of the Presidency & Congress (CSPC). Huminski is also the Director of the Mi ...