Dairy cow fertility, a focal point for genetic selection within the dairy industry, hinges on establishing pregnancy soon after calving. This complex process involves heritable factors like uterus involution, estrous cycles, and ovulation. Different dairy systems employ varying reproductive management practices, from natural estrus detection to hormonal treatments and timed artificial insemination (AI). Through targeted genetic selection, the goal is to minimize ‘days open’ (time between calving and con ...